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Introduction
Recent cyberattacks attributed to advanced persistent threat (APT) groups linked with nation-states have exposed their expanding capabilities when it comes to effectively compromising government and enterprise networks. Whether the end goal is cyber espionage for intellectual property theft, disruption of critical infrastructure for military objectives or global influence operations, these sophisticated adversaries play the long game.
Extensive reconnaissance operations lasting several months are conducted across digital and human assets before initiating the intrusion campaign. The 2021 supply chain attack on SolarWinds Orion software allowed Russian nation-state hackers to infiltrate numerous government agencies and technology companies by cleverly abusing trusted monitoring products. The Conti ransomware group compromised Costa Rica’s tax and customs platforms through phishing emails sent to key personnel over 6 months before finally deploying data theft and encryption modules across connected government agencies.
Most recently, destructive wiper malware campaigns crippled hundreds of systems across Ukraine's financial, energy and communications sectors amidst kinetic military invasion by Russia in early 2022. In each of these and numerous other attacks investigated over the past decade, a common early-stage activity is identified - adversaries spent weeks to months performing expansive reconnaissance across digital assets and key employees to map out vulnerabilities, steal credentials, surveil operations and prepare for achieving their deeper objectives.
By better understanding and defending against the latest reconnaissance techniques employed, organizations can detect threats earlier and substantially reduce the risk of large-scale breaches. This article provides an overview of best....
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