Space Cyber Hacking

About the Author Sylvester Kaczmarek works on secure, interpretable, and explainable intelligence capabilities and next-generation secure data management for machines. Today, he architects edge AI/ML solutions for lunar mobility vehicles and other space-based systems to enable cost-effective, safe, and efficient observations, decisions, and actions that are paving the way for the upcoming $1 trillion space economy. 1. Introduction: The evolving role of cybersecurity in the space domain 1.1. Brief history of cybersecurity in space In the dawn of the space age, during the mid-20th century, the primary concerns were propulsion, navigation, and basic communication. The rudimentary computer systems of early spacecraft were not networked in the way we understand today, and the concept of 'hacking' such a system was almost science fiction. However, as technology advanced, so did the complexity of space systems. By the late 20th century, satellites had become integral to global communication, navigation, and surveillance systems. With....