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How does it work?
To do its magic, WAFW00F does the following:
- Sends a normal HTTP request and analyses the response; this identifies a number of WAF solutions.
- If that is not successful, it sends a number of (potentially malicious) HTTP requests and uses simple logic to deduce which WAF it is.
- If that is also not successful, it analyses the responses previously returned and uses another simple algorithm to guess if a WAF or security solution is actively responding to our attacks.
For further details, check out the source code on our main repository.
What does it detect?
WAFW00F can detect a number of firewalls, a list of which is as below:
$ wafw00f -l
______
/ \
( W00f! )
\ ____/
,, __ 404 Hack Not Found
|`-.__ / / __ __
/" _/ /_/ \ \ / /
*===* / \ \_/ / 405 Not Allowed
/ )__// \ /
/| / /---` 403 Forbidden
\\/` \ | / _ \
`\ /_\\_ 502 Bad Gateway / / \ \ 500 Internal Error
`_____``-` /_/ \_\
~ WAFW00F : v2.0.0 ~
The Web Application Firewall Fingerprinting Toolkit
[+] Can test for these WAFs:
WAF Name Manufacturer
-------- ------------
ACE XML Gateway Cisco
aeSecure aeSecure
AireeCDN Airee
Airlock Phion/Ergon
Alert Logic Alert Logic
AliYunDun Alibaba Cloud Computing
Anquanbao Anquanbao
AnYu AnYu Technologies
Approach Approach
AppWall Radware
Armor Defense Armor
ArvanCloud ArvanCloud
ASP.NET Generic Microsoft
ASPA Firewall ASPA Engineering Co.
Astra Czar Securities
AzionCDN AzionCDN
Azure Front Door Microsoft
Barikode Ethic Ninja
Barracuda Barracuda Networks
Bekchy Faydata Technologies Inc.
Beluga CDN Beluga
BinarySec BinarySec
BitNinja BitNinja
BlockDoS BlockDoS
Bluedon Bluedon IST
CacheWall Varnish
CacheFly CDN CacheFly
Comodo cWatch Comodo CyberSecurity
Chuang Yu Shield Yunaq
Cloudbric Penta Security
Cloudflare Cloudflare Inc.
Cloudfloor Cloudfloor DNS
Cloudfront Amazon
CrawlProtect Jean-Denis Brun
DataPower IBM
DenyALL Rohde & Schwarz CyberSecurity
Distil Distil Networks
DOSarrest DOSarrest Internet Security
DotDefender Applicure Technologies
Edgecast Verizon Digital Media
Eisoo Cloud Firewall Eisoo
Expression Engine EllisLab
BIG-IP AppSec Manager F5 Networks
BIG-IP AP Manager F5 Networks
Fastly Fastly CDN
FirePass F5 Networks
FortiWeb Fortinet
Greywizard Grey Wizard
Huawei Cloud Firewall Huawei
HyperGuard Art of Defense
Imunify360 CloudLinux
Incapsula Imperva Inc.
IndusGuard Indusface
Instart DX Instart Logic
ISA Server Microsoft
Jiasule Jiasule
Kona SiteDefender Akamai
KS-WAF KnownSec
KeyCDN KeyCDN
LimeLight CDN LimeLight
LiteSpeed LiteSpeed Technologies
Open-Resty Lua Nginx FLOSS
Oracle Cloud Oracle
Malcare Inactiv
MaxCDN MaxCDN
ModSecurity SpiderLabs
NAXSI NBS Systems
Nemesida PentestIt
NevisProxy AdNovum
NetContinuum Barracuda Networks
NetScaler AppFirewall Citrix Systems
Newdefend NewDefend
NexusGuard Firewall NexusGuard
NinjaFirewall NinTechNet
NullDDoS Protection NullDDoS
NSFocus NSFocus Global Inc.
OnMessage Shield BlackBaud
PerimeterX PerimeterX
PentaWAF Global Network Services
pkSecurity IDS pkSec
PowerCDN PowerCDN
Profense ArmorLogic
Puhui Puhui
Qiniu Qiniu CDN
Reblaze Reblaze
RSFirewall RSJoomla!
Sabre Firewall Sabre
Safe3 Web Firewall Safe3
Safedog SafeDog
Safeline Chaitin Tech.
SecKing SecKing
eEye SecureIIS BeyondTrust
SecuPress WP Security SecuPress
SecureSphere Imperva Inc.
Secure Entry United Security Providers
SEnginx Neusoft
ServerDefender VP Port80 Software
Shield Security One Dollar Plugin
Shadow Daemon Zecure
SiteGround SiteGround
SiteGuard Sakura Inc.
Sitelock TrueShield
SonicWall Dell
UTM Web Protection Sophos
Squarespace Squarespace
SquidProxy IDS SquidProxy
StackPath StackPath
Sucuri CloudProxy Sucuri Inc.
Teros Citrix Systems
Trafficshield F5 Networks
TransIP Web Firewall TransIP
URLScan Microsoft
UEWaf UCloud
Varnish OWASP
Viettel Cloudrity
VirusDie VirusDie LLC
Wallarm Wallarm Inc.
WatchGuard WatchGuard Technologies
WebARX WebARX Security Solutions
WebKnight AQTRONIX
WebLand WebLand
RayWAF WebRay Solutions
WebSEAL IBM
WebTotem WebTotem
West263 CDN West263CDN
Wordfence Defiant
WP Cerber Security Cerber Tech
WTS-WAF WTS
360WangZhanBao 360 Technologies
XLabs Security WAF XLabs
Xuanwudun Xuanwudun
Yundun Yundun
Yunsuo Yunsuo
Yunjiasu Baidu Cloud Computing
YXLink YxLink Technologies
Zenedge Zenedge
ZScaler Accenture
How do I use it?
First, install the tools as described here.
For help you can make use of the --help option. The basic usage is to pass an URL as an argument. Example:
$ wafw00f https://example.org
______
/ \
( W00f! )
\ ____/
,, __ 404 Hack Not Found
|`-.__ / / __ __
/" _/ /_/ \ \ / /
*===* / \ \_/ / 405 Not Allowed
/ )__// \ /
/| / /---` 403 Forbidden
\\/` \ | / _ \
`\ /_\\_ 502 Bad Gateway / / \ \ 500 Internal Error
`_____``-` /_/ \_\
~ WAFW00F : v2.0.0 ~
The Web Application Firewall Fingerprinting Toolkit
[*] Checking https://example.org
[+] The site https://example.org is behind Edgecast (Verizon Digital Media) WAF.
[~] Number of requests: 2
How do I install it?
The following should do the trick:
python setup.py install
Usage
Arguments List
$ wafw00f -h
______
/ \
( Woof! )
\______/ )
,, ) (_
.-. - _______ ( |__|
()``; |==|_______) .)|__|
/ (' /|\ ( |__|
( / ) / | \ . |__|
\(_)_)) / | \ |__|
WAFW00F - Web Application Firewall Detection Tool (v2.0.0)
Usage: wafw00f url1 [url2 [url3 ... ]]
Example: wafw00f http://www.victim.org/
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose Enable verbosity, multiple -v options increase
verbosity
-a, --findall Find all WAFs which match the signatures, do not stop
testing on the first one
-r, --noredirect Do not follow redirections given by 3xx responses
-t TEST, --test=TEST Test for one specific WAF
-l, --list List all WAFs that WAFW00F is able to detect
-p PROXY, --proxy=PROXY
Use an HTTP proxy to perform requests, examples:
http://hostname:8080, socks5://hostname:1080,
http://user:pass@hostname:8080
-V, --version Print out the current version of WafW00f and exit.
-H HEADERS, --headers=HEADERS
Pass custom headers via a text file to overwrite the
default header set.
Testing a Single URL
The URL can be directly supplied to the script after WAFW00F has been built and installed on the system.
wafw00f http://example.com
Testing Multiple URLs
Multiple URLs can be supplied one after another using spaces.
wafw00f http://example.com http://host.com http://site.tld
Listing All Supported WAFs
Option: -l or --list
This option lists all the available supported WAF products by WAFW00F. With this option the companies manufacturing the WAF product can also be viewed alongside the WAF name.
wafw00f --list
Adding Custom Headers
Option: -H or --headers
WAFW00F has its own set of default headers by which it makes the requests. The headers are specifically suited for emulating a Chrome browser running on a Windows platform. This option enables you to supply a comma separated list of custom headers which you might want WAFW00F to use during all requests.
wafw00f http://example.com -H headers.txt
NOTE: The headers which you will supply will overwrite the list of default headers.
Using Proxies
Option: -p or --proxy
With this option, you can use proxies to route the requests through. The scheme should be in the normal URL format <scheme>://<username:password>@<hostname>:<port>, where the username and password can be used in cases where the proxy server supports authentication.
wafw00f http://example.com -p http://user:[email protected]:8080
Testing For A Single WAF Instance
Option: -t or --test
This option helps you set WAFW00F to test for a single instance of a WAF. When this argument is supplied, WAFW00F will test and try to match the fingerprint for the given WAF only. The supplied WAF name should be equal to at least one of the names within wafprio.py. You can use the --list argument to list the products supported by the WAF.
wafw00f http://example.com -t 'Edgecast (Verizon Digital Media)'
Testing For All Possible WAF Instances
Option: -a or --findall
This option helps set WAFW00F on a run and lets you enumerate all possible instances of a WAF on the site being tested. The logic behind this is that WAFW00F continues testing and matching fingerprints throughout its database and doesn't exclusively stop on the first matched instance.
wafw00f http://example.com -a
Controlling Verbosity
Option: -v ...
This option helps set the verbosity level of the output. You can supply multiple instances of the argument for a better verbose output. More the number of -vs, more verbose is the output.
wafw00f http://example.com -v -v
Version & License
Option: -V or --version
This option displays the current version of WAFW00F from wafw00f/__init__.py which you're using.
wafw00f --version
Final Words
Questions? Pull up an issue on GitHub Issue Tracker or contact me.
Pull requests, ideas and issues are highly welcome. If you wish to see how WAFW00F is being developed, check out the development board.
Some useful links:
Presently being developed and maintained by:
- Sandro Gauci (@SandroGauci)
- Pinaki Mondal (@0xInfection)
Main page: https://github.com/EnableSecurity/wafw00f
Author
- Hakin9 is a monthly magazine dedicated to hacking and cybersecurity. In every edition, we try to focus on different approaches to show various techniques - defensive and offensive. This knowledge will help you understand how most popular attacks are performed and how to protect your data from them. Our tutorials, case studies and online courses will prepare you for the upcoming, potential threats in the cyber security world. We collaborate with many individuals and universities and public institutions, but also with companies such as Xento Systems, CATO Networks, EY, CIPHER Intelligence LAB, redBorder, TSG, and others.
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