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Nmap is one of the most popular network mappers in the infosec world. It’s utilized by cybersecurity professionals and newbies alike to audit and discover local and remote open ports, as well as hosts and network information. Here is a quick cheat sheet that you can use while working with Nmap.
Scanning command syntax
Scanning Command Syntax
nmap [scan types] [options] {172.16.1.1 specification}Port Specification options
| Syntax | Example | Description | ||||||||
-P | nmap –p 23 172.16.1.1 | Port scanning port specific port | ||||||||
-P | nmap –p 23-100 172.16.1.1 | Port scanning port specific port range | ||||||||
-p | nmap -pU:110,T:23-25,443 172.16.1.1 | U-UDP,T-TCP different port types scan | ||||||||
-p- | nmap -p- 172.16.1.1 | Port scan for all ports | ||||||||
-p | nmap -smtp,https 172.16.1.1 | Port scan from specified protocols | ||||||||
-F | nmap –F 172.16.1.1 | Fast port scan for speed up | ||||||||
-P "*" | namp -p "*" ftp 172.16.1.1 | Port scan using name | ||||||||
-r | nmap -r 172.16.1.1 | Sequential port scan | ||||||||
Host /172.16.1.1 discovery
| Switch/Syntax | Example | Description | ||||||||
-sL | nmap 172.16.1.1-5 -sL | List 172.16.1.1 without scanning | ||||||||
-sn | nmap 172.16.1.1/8 -sn | Disable port scanning | ||||||||
-Pn | nmap 172.16.1.1-8 -Pn | Port scans only and no host discovery | ||||||||
-PS | nmap 172.16.1.185 -PS22-25,80 | TCP SYN discovery on specified port | ||||||||
-PA | nmap 172.16.1.185 -PA22-25,80 | TCP ACK discovery on specified port | ||||||||
-PU | nmap 172.16.1.1-8 -PU53 | UDP discovery on specified port | ||||||||
-PR | nmap 172.16.1.1-1/8 -PR | ARP discovery within local network | ||||||||
-n | nmap 172.16.1.1 -n | no DNS resolution | ||||||||
Nmap Port Scan types
| Switch/Syntax | Example | Description | ||||||||
-sS | nmap 172.16.1.1 -sS | TCP SYN port scan | ||||||||
-sT | nmap 172.16.1.1 -sT | TCP connect port scan | ||||||||
-sA | nmap 172.16.1.1 -sA | TCP ACK port scan | ||||||||
-sU | nmap 172.16.1.1 -sU | UDP port scan | ||||||||
-Sf | nmap -Sf 172.16.1.1 | TCP FIN scan | ||||||||
-sX | nmap -SX 172.16.1.1 | XMAS scan | ||||||||
-Sp | nmap -Sp 172.16.1.1 | Ping scan | ||||||||
-sU | nmap -Su 172.16.1.1 | UDP scan | ||||||||
-sA | nmap -Sa 172.16.1.1 | TCP ACK scan | ||||||||
-SL | nmap -Sl 172.16.1.1 | list scan | ||||||||
Nmap Port Selection
nmap 172.16.1.1 | single IP scan |
nmap 172.16.1.1 172.16.100.1 | scan specific IPs |
nmap 172.16.1.1-254 | scan a range of IPs |
nmap xyz.org | scan a domain |
nmap 10.1.1.0/8 | scan using CIDR notation |
nmap -iL scan.txt | scan 172.16.1.1s from a file |
nmap --exclude 172.16.1.1 | specified IP s exclude from scan |
Use of NMAP scripts NSE
nmap --script= test script 172.16.1.0/24 | execute thee listed script against target IP address |
nmap --script-update-db | adding new scripts |
nmap -sV -sC | use of safe default scripts for scan |
nmap --script-help="Test Script" | get help for script |
Firewall proofing
nmap -f [172.16.1.1] | scan fragment packets |
nmap –mtu [MTU] [172.16.1.1] | specify MTU |
nmap -sI [zombie] [172.16.1.1] | scan idle zoombie |
nmap –source-port [port] [172.16.1.1] | manual source port - specify |
nmap –data-length [size] [172.16.1.1] | randomly append data |
nmap –randomize-hosts [172.16.1.1] | 172.16.1.1 scan order randomization |
nmap –badsum [172.16.1.1] | bad checksum
|
NMAP output formats
| Default/normal output | nmap -oN scan.txt 172.16.1.1 |
| XML | nmap -oX scanr.xml 172.16.1.1 |
| Grepable format | snmap -oG grep.txt 172.16.1.1 |
| All formats | nmap -oA 172.16.1.1 |
Scan options
| Syntax | Description |
nmap -sP 172.16.1.1 | Ping scan only |
nmap -PU 172.16.1.1 | UDP ping scan |
nmap -PE 172.16.1.1 | ICMP echo ping |
nmap -PO 172.16.1.1 | IP protocol ping |
nmap -PR 172.16.1.1 | ARP ping |
nmap -Pn 172.16.1.1 | Scan without pinging |
nmap –traceroute 172.16.1.1 | Traceroute |
NMAP Timing options
| Syntax | Description |
nmap -T0 172.16.1.1 | Slowest scan |
nmap -T1 172.16.1.1 | Tricky scan to avoid IDS |
nmap -T2 172.16.1.1 | Timely scan |
nmap -T3 172.16.1.1 | Default scan timer |
nmap -T4 172.16.1.1 | Aggressive scan |
nmap -T5 172.16.1.1 | Very aggressive scan |
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