4CAN - Open Source Security Tool to Find Security Vulnerabilities in Modern Cars

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4CAN is an open source hardware tool made by presented by Cisco, George Tarnkovsky, who a member of the company has designed this tool and share it on GitHub. Hardware was created for automobile security researchers and car manufacturers to find the potential security vulnerabilities in connected cars to ensure vehicle security. Let's see what's inside. 

hardware

Tested on the following raspbian images using a pi3b+

4can should also work with a pi0w, but it's recommended to use at least a pi3b. Also recommend using a heatsink on the pi, because the pi can get a little toasty running 4 can interfaces.

install

run the install.sh script (requires sudo) to automatically install everything, and then reboot.

The install script will do the following:

1. Copy the 4 mcp2515-canx.dtbo files to /boot/overlays

sudo mkdir /boot/overlays/bak
sudo cp /boot/overlays/mcp2515* /boot/overlays/bak
sudo cp ./dtbo/*.dtbo /boot/overlays

2. copy config.txt to /boot/config.txt (make a backup of original /boot/config.txt just incase)

sudo cp /boot/config.txt /boot/config.txt.bak
sudo cp config.txt /boot/config.txt

usage

Before using 4can, make sure that the socketcan kernel module is loaded with sudo modprobe can_dev. This shouldn't be necessary since the pi will load the correct kernel module based on the device tree, but it doesn't hurt to check.

Once installed, run the 4can.sh to bring up CAN interfaces ./4can.sh

wire up the can interfaces and do candump -acc any to check they are working. note: requires can-utils to install sudo apt install can-utils

Note: Sometimes interfaces come up out of order, reboot the pi and that should fix it. If not, you might have to modify /boot/config.txt.

GPIO

The 4can uses a number of GPIO on the raspberry pi. The GPIO pins available for use are 3, 5, 8, 10, 27, 28, 32, 36 (physical pin numbering)

All the ground pins are tied together and can should be used as ground connections. The 3.3v, and 5v pins can be used to supply voltage as well.

Consult the schematic for more details.

Recommended Wiring

Remember to connect the external CAN ground to the 4can ground (the "C" connection on the screw terminal). This will ensure good ground integrity and minimize tx/rx errors.

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When using the 4can with the HyenaPlate, the CAN wires can be routed underneath the pi and connected to the breadboard. This is mainly for aesthetics, but other benefits include not having to constantly screw/unscrew the screw terminals to make new connections, easier troubleshooting, and more stable connections.

For even more aesthetics, the resistor color code can be used to assign colors to signals. For example, in the image above:

interface CAN-L CAN-H
CAN0 brown red
CAN1 orange yellow
CAN2 blue violet
CAN3 green white

 

black can be used for ground.

Credit and License

IndustrialBerry

The 4can was inspired by and is loosely based on the IndustrialBerry QUAD CAN BUS adapter for Raspberry CanBerry. Although we modified the design to suit our needs, we must give credit to the fantastic work done by IndustrialBerry. The 4CAN, as well as the IndustrialBerry are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license.


Download the tool: https://github.com/alexdetrano/4CAN

October 4, 2019

Author

Hakin9 TEAM
Hakin9 is a monthly magazine dedicated to hacking and cybersecurity. In every edition, we try to focus on different approaches to show various techniques - defensive and offensive. This knowledge will help you understand how most popular attacks are performed and how to protect your data from them. Our tutorials, case studies and online courses will prepare you for the upcoming, potential threats in the cyber security world. We collaborate with many individuals and universities and public institutions, but also with companies such as Xento Systems, CATO Networks, EY, CIPHER Intelligence LAB, redBorder, TSG, and others.
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